Chapter 13 Worksheet
1. What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Biodiversity is how the Earth is made up of 100 million different species. 99% of these species are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
2. What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is energy from sunlight.
Biodiversity is how the Earth is made up of 100 million different species. 99% of these species are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
2. What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is energy from sunlight.
3. Describe the flow of enerby through sistems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
Flow of energy: Sun (light energy) -> Producers (plants) -> Consumers (animals) -> SPAAAAACE
4. What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Chemosynthesis is using chemicals rather than sunlight to create energy. Hydrogen sulfide is used instead of sunlight.
5. What is primary productivity a measure of?
Primary productivity is a measure of how many plants there are on the surface.
6a. Looking at the map of productivity around the world, discuss what you see.
There are lots of productivity near the coast rather than the middle of the ocean.
6b. Why is the productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
There are more nutrients near the coastal waters.
6c. Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Due to the currents bringing the nutrients, it causes the productivity to be high near the poles.
Flow of energy: Sun (light energy) -> Producers (plants) -> Consumers (animals) -> SPAAAAACE
4. What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Chemosynthesis is using chemicals rather than sunlight to create energy. Hydrogen sulfide is used instead of sunlight.
5. What is primary productivity a measure of?
Primary productivity is a measure of how many plants there are on the surface.
6a. Looking at the map of productivity around the world, discuss what you see.
There are lots of productivity near the coast rather than the middle of the ocean.
6b. Why is the productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
There are more nutrients near the coastal waters.
6c. Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Due to the currents bringing the nutrients, it causes the productivity to be high near the poles.
Define the following
Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food (producers).
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic Pyramid: A model that describes who eats whom.
Primary Consumers: These organisms eat producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top Consumers: These organisms eat multiple things.
Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food (producers).
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic Pyramid: A model that describes who eats whom.
Primary Consumers: These organisms eat producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top Consumers: These organisms eat multiple things.
7. In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
Arrows represent the direction of the energy flow.
8. What are some of the atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, iron and trace metals.
9. What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is a factor found in the environment that can be harmful if present in quantities that are too large or too small.
10. What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
Important physical factors- Any aspect of the physical environment that affects living organisms.
11. What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Some factors that affect ocean organisms are feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic waters, affecting organisms, and defense of territory.
12. Define the following zones
14. What is natural selection?
Natural selection is the idea of the environment favoring well-adapted individuals. These traits are passed down during reproduction.
15. Who was Carlous Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carlous Linnaeus was one of the first to study classification. He developed a classification ssytem based on hierarchy and a system of scientific names for organisms.
16. What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.
17. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The 6 kingdoms are Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. Bacteria and Archaea contain prokaryotes (single-celled organisms without nuclei or organelles), whereas Fungi, Protists, animals, and plants contain eukaryotes (organisms with cells having nuclei and organelles).
Arrows represent the direction of the energy flow.
8. What are some of the atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, iron and trace metals.
9. What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is a factor found in the environment that can be harmful if present in quantities that are too large or too small.
10. What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
Important physical factors- Any aspect of the physical environment that affects living organisms.
11. What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Some factors that affect ocean organisms are feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic waters, affecting organisms, and defense of territory.
12. Define the following zones
- Euphotic: Near the surface, where all the productivity happens.
- Disphotic: Below the euphotic zone, vision only.
- Aphotic: No light, need chemosynthesis.
- Diffusion: Mixing due to random molecular movements.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a membrane
- Active Transport: The transport of a substance against a concentration gradent. This requires energy input.
14. What is natural selection?
Natural selection is the idea of the environment favoring well-adapted individuals. These traits are passed down during reproduction.
15. Who was Carlous Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carlous Linnaeus was one of the first to study classification. He developed a classification ssytem based on hierarchy and a system of scientific names for organisms.
16. What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.
17. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The 6 kingdoms are Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. Bacteria and Archaea contain prokaryotes (single-celled organisms without nuclei or organelles), whereas Fungi, Protists, animals, and plants contain eukaryotes (organisms with cells having nuclei and organelles).